In 1861, Union General Winfield Scott devised a four-part plan to defeat the Confederacy. Because of this, they were also known as the Know-Nothing Party.Īn organization which was established by revival preachers in the mid-1820s, who tried to persuade drinkers to limit their alcohol consumption and eventually take a vow to abstinence. The members met in secret and when asked what they stood for, they said "I know nothing". The group opposed immigration and the election of Roman Catholics to political office. This led to the movement splitting into the Liberty Party, which included women members, and the Foreign Antislavery Society, which prohibited women participation.Ī political group which was an extreme wing of the nativist movement. In claiming that the Constitution was a proslavery document, Garrison alienated many moderates. Laws which increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, and granted the president the power to detain or deport enemy aliens in times of war.Īn organization which was founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1833, and which attempted to combat the proslavery supporters. The name for the adventurous group of young men who moved west after the discovery of gold in 1848. Later, social movement leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Many residents-cut off from all supplies and rapidly running out of food-moved to tunnels dug from the hillsides to escape the constant bombardments.An influential essay written by Henry David Thoreau which supported passive resistance as a form of protest. It was only a matter of time before Grant, with 70,000 troops, captured Vicksburg.Ĭonfederate attempts to rescue Pemberton and his force failed from both the east and west, and conditions for both military personnel and civilians in Vicksburg deteriorated rapidly. Starting on May 18, preparing for a long Siege of Vicksburg, Grant's army constructed 15 miles of trenches and enclosed Pemberton’s force of 29,000 men inside the perimeter. Grant made some attacks after bottling Vicksburg but found the Confederates well entrenched. In three weeks time, Grant’s men had marched 180 miles, won five battles and captured some 6,000 prisoners.ĭid you know? After the residents of Vicksburg dug more than 500 caves in the hills around the city and began living in them, Union soldiers started to refer to the town as a "Prairie Dog Village." Siege of Vicksburg Pemberton retreated back to Vicksburg, and Grant sealed off the city by the end of May. Pemberton at Champion Hill, one of the Confederates’ last defenses outside of Vicksburg. On May 16, Grant defeated a force under General John C. Indicated are the locations of Union forces under Sherman, McPherson, McClernand and Carr. Terrain and Confederate fortifications around Vicksburg. After defeating a Confederate force near Jackson, Grant turned his troops back to Vicksburg. Union Admiral David Porter had run his flotilla past the Vicksburg defenses in early May as Grant marched his army down the west bank of the river opposite Vicksburg, crossed over back into Mississippi and drove toward Jackson, the state capitol. Grant to take the city failed in the winter of 1862-63, he renewed his efforts in the spring. Although the first attempt by General Ulysses S. The Vicksburg campaign was one of the Union Army’s most successful endeavors in the Civil War-it was also one of the longest. Vicksburg, given its strategic location on the east bank of the Mississippi River, was “the nailhead that holds the South’s two halves together,” according to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. As the Civil War began, the South controlled the Mississippi River-a critical transportation corridor and supply line-from Cairo, Illinois, all the way down to the Gulf of Mexico.
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